I went back and reviewed my slides. As Van pointed out, I slightly oversold QoS. The really important point was is that it does not work for real time protocols to share queues with TCP (or other throughput maximizing protocol). QoS is just one way to manage segregated queues. There are several simpler alternatives such as Stochastic Fair Queuing and fq_codel(), which can be deployed without any global consensus on DSCP markings. If you missed the presentation, the slides are here: http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/84/slides/slides-84-rmcat-3.pdf Thanks, --MM-- The best way to predict the future is to create it. - Alan Kay